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Objective From the perspective of biophysics and immunology, the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on biophysical characteristics, cytoskeleton and migration ability of mouse derived dendritic cells (DCs) were analyzed, so as to explore the effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on immune function of DCs and its potential mechanism. Methods The bone marrow-derived monocytes from C57BL/6J mice were isolated and induced to differentiate into immature dendritic cells (imDCs) by 20 ng/mL recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF) and 10 ng/mL recombinant mouse interleukin-4 (rmIL-4), After 6 days, 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide was added to induce mature dendritic cells (mDCs). Further the morphological observation and positive rate of CD11c in imDCs and mDCs were analyzed, Then at different concentrations of EPA and DHA (0-60 μmol/L), the cell viability and apoptosis of DCs were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) kit and flow cytometry. After the optimal concentration of EPA and DHA were determined, the changes of the membrane fluidity, electrophoretic mobility (EPM) and osmotic fragility of DCs were separately detected by the fluorescence polarization, cell electrophoresis and concentration gradient. The expression of filamentous actin (F-actin) was detected by the immunofluorescence. Finally, the migration ability of DCs was detected by the Transwell system. Results The positive rate of CD11c in DCs was about 80%. The viability of DCs decreased in a dose-dependent manner under the action of EPA and DHA of different concentrations, which didn’t induce the apoptosis of DCs. Under the action of 50 μmol/L EPA and DHA, the osmotic fragility and EPM of DCs significantly decreased, and the membrane fluidity significantly increased. The expression of F-actin in DCs obviously increased, and the migration rate of cells obviously decreased. Conclusions ω-3 PUFAs may affect the cytoskeleton structure and biophysical characteristics of DCs, inhibit the migration, and then affect its immune function.
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Objective:To explore the correlation between fish intake and cognitive function in the elderly.Methods:Based on data for Hubei province of the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey 2015, 335 participants aged 60 and over were included in the study.Face-to-face cognitive screening was used to evaluate cognitive function.Fish intake was converted into four classifications: 0 g/d, 0-50 g/d, 50-100 g/d, and >100 g/d.The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between fish intake and cognitive function in the elderly.Results:There were 335 subjects, including 142 males(42.4%)and 193 females(57.6%). In the overall population( F=4.19, P=0.006)and females( F=2.30, P=0.079), cognitive scores of the elderly increased with increased fish intake, but no increase was found in males( F=1.99, P=0.119). After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, sex, urban and rural living, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, daily total energy intake, dietary fat-to-energy intake ratio, BMI, history of hypertension and stroke, fish intake >100 g/d in the elderly was positively correlated with the cognitive score( β=2.68, 95% CI: 0.38-4.98), compared with the lowest fish intake group(0 g/d); gender-stratified analysis showed that the regression coefficient was 4.26(95% CI: 1.23-7.30)for women and 1.70(-1.76-5.15)for men. Conclusions:Increased fish intake is positively correlated with improved cognitive function in elderly women, but the same is not true in elderly men.Increasing fish intake may be beneficial in preventing cognitive decline in elderly women.
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Objective To explore the influence of Ruineng nutritional fluid on nutrition status, immunity and prognosis in severe patients with mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods Eighty-four patients with severe respiratory failure and MV admitted to Xiaoshan District First People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were enrolled, and they were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the different methods of treatment, each group 42 cases. The patients in control group were given homogenate meat for enteral nutrition (EN) support, and those in observation group, given Ruineng nutritional fluid. The changes of serum nutrition indexes, T lymphocyte subgroups, disease outcomes, nutrition related complications, etc. indicators were observed before and after treatment in both groups. Results After treatment the levels of serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly higher than those before treatment in both groups, and the degrees of increase after treatment of observation group were more obvious compared with those in the control group [ALB (g/L): 35.63±4.21 vs. 30.45±3.52, PA (mg/L): 253.12±24.32 vs. 240.23±20.31, Hb (g/L): 145.12±7.32 vs. 131.02±7.05, all P < 0.05]; after treatment, the levels of CD4+, CD8+and CD4+/CD8+were significantly lower than those before treatment in the two groups, but the levels of CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (CD4+: 0.41±0.03 vs. 0.36±0.02, CD4+/CD8+: 1.46±0.20 vs. 1.30±0.18, both P < 0.05). The time of MV (days: 7.82±1.04 vs. 10.13±1.25) and intensive care unit (ICU) hospital stay (days: 11.36±1.32 vs. 15.40±1.52) in observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, and the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia [VAP: 11.90% (5/42) vs. 33.33% (14/42)], the fatality rate [2.38% (1/42) vs. 7.14% (3/42)] and the incidence of nutrition related complications [19.05% (8/42) vs. 52.38% (22/42)] were significantly lower in observation group than those in the control group. Conclusion Ruineng nutritional fluid can shorten the time of MV and ICU hospital stay, reduce the incidence of EN associated complications, that is possibly related to the improvement of patients' nutritional status and regulation of their immune function.
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@#AIM: To observe the efficacy of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)after receiving a poor response to the combination of ranibizumab and photodynamic therapy(PDT). <p>METHODS: Ninety-two cases(122 eyes)of patients with age-related macular degeneration in our hospital from February 2015 to January 2017 were selected as the subjects. All patients were given intravitreal ranibizumab injection combined with photodynamic therapy, according to the received light sensitive dose were randomly divided into half dose group(45 eyes of 60 cases)and full dose group(47 eyes of 62 cases), half dose group received half dose verteporfin(3mg/m<sup>2</sup>), the full dose group received full dose verteporfin(6mg/m<sup>2</sup>). The patients were followed up for 1mo, 3mo after treatment. After 3mo treatment, 41 eyes of 30 patients paitents who got choroidal neovascularization(CNV)leakage again or leakage increased were randomly divided into control group of 14 cases(20 eyes), experimental group of 16 cases(21 eyes). All patients were treated with ranibizumab combined with half dose verteporfin(3mg/m<sup>2</sup>), photodynamic therapy. The experimental group were added with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids soft capsule(twice per day, 1 tablets per time, period of 6mo). All patients were followed up at 1, 3 and 6mo after treatment.best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular retinal thick(CRT), intraocular pressure, total effective rate of CNV, the average number of injections of ranibizumab and adverse reactions were observed during the follwed up. <p>RESULTS: The BCVA, CRT, intraocular pressure before and after 1,3mo treatment and the total efficiency of CNV of half dose group were no statistical differences with the full dose group(<i>P</i>>0.05). The number of times ranibizumab injection of half dose group(1.1±0.8, 1.6±1.2)were lower than that in the full dose group(1.6±1.1, 2.5±1.7)at 1 and 3mo after treatment, the differences were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). The BCVA and CNV in experimental group was higher, CRT and ranibizumab injection times were lower than that in the control group at 1,3 and 6mo after treatment, the differences were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). No serious adverse reactions related treatment were occurred in all patients. <p>CONCLUSION: It is safe and effective to treat patients with age-related macular degeneration by ranibizumab combined with half dose photodynamic therapy. The combination of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can improve the therapeutic effect.
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The incidence of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is increasing year by year,and the mortality is high,which poses a great threat to the life of patients.In recent years,the immune nutrition therapy has become the focus in the treatment of SAP,among which,fish oil lipid emulsion as a novel type of fat emulsion,has the multi-effects of anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative,immunomodulatory,promoting signal transduction and protecting organ function apart from providing nutrition and regulating metabolism.It can prevent the deterioration of the whole body from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS and ultimately improve the prognosis of patients.
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There are mounting evidences demonstrating that obesity and osteoporosis pose a daunting threat on global public health problem, given their morbidity and mortality. Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ,besides as a source of energy, may regulate the cellular signal transduction pathway to produce specific patterns of gene expression, and protect from complications of obesity and osteoporosis . This article reviewed the correlation between obesity and osteoporosis, and summarized the effects and potential mechanism of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on fat metabolism and bone metabolism from both animal experiments and epidemiological studies.
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This study was to determine the protective effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) on MK-801-induced cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ) rats and the underlying mechanism.A rat model of schizophrenia was induced by MK-801.The cognitive function of rats was assessed using a Morris water maze.The number of hippocampal neurons was measured by Nissl staining.The expression of CREB,p-CREB,BDNF,TrkB,p-TrkB,AKT,p-AKT,ERK,and p-ERK in the hippocampus of rats was detected by Western blotting.The results showed that ω-3PUFAs attenuated MK-801-induced cognitive,impairment and hippocampal neurons loss,reversed the injury of the CREB/BDNF/TrtB pathway induced by MK-801,and antagonized MK-801-induced down-regulation of p-AKT and p-ERK in the hippocampus of rats.In conclusion,ω-3PUFAs enhances the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway by activating ERK and AKT,thereby increasing the synaptic plasticity and decreashng neuron loss,and antagonizing MK-801-induced cognitive impairment in schizophrenic rats.
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Objective:To explore the role and mechanisms ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) alone or in combination with dexamethasone (DEX) in inducing cell apoptosis and reversing drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods:DEX-resistant MM cell line MM1R was treated with different concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone or in combination with DEX for 24 or 48 h. Cel proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Cel cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Two-tailed, unpaired Student's t-test was used to compare the two treatment groups. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:MM1R proliferation was inhibited by different concentrations (10, 20, 50, and 100μM) of EPA or DHA alone or in combination with 10μM DEX in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The inhibition effect was significantly higher in combinative groups than in single EPA or DHA treatment group (P=0.014, P=0.032). The percentage of G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis rate in MM1R treated with different concentrations of EPA or DHA alone increased in a dose-dependent manner. This percentage was also significantly higher in the combinative groups than in the single EPA or DHA treatment group (P=0.015, P=0.004). The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were upregulated, whereas those of pro-caspase-3 and BCL-2 were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. Drug resistance gradually decreased in MM1R cells at different concentrations of EPA or DHA with the increase of drug concentration. The reversal fold also increased gradual y, whereas the cel s decreased in the two drug-combination groups compared with the single-drug group. Moreover, the drug-resistance reversal index increased significantly. Conclusion:ω-3PUFAs can inhibit DEX-resistant MM cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle, and induce cell apoptosis.ω-3PUFAs also exhibit a synergistic anti-resistanteffect in combination with DEX. Furthermore,ω-3PUFAs can serve as novel effective drugs for MM treatment.
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Objective To explore the role and mechanisms of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFA) alone or in combination with dexamethasone ( DEX) in inducing cell apoptosis and anti -proliferation in multiple myeloma(MM).Methods DEX resistance MM cell line MM1R were treated with different concentra-tions of Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)or Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)alone or in combination with DEX for 24hrs or 48hrs.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT .Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry .The levels of apoptosis related proteins were analyzed by Western blot .Results The proliferation of MM1R was in-hibited by different concentrations (10,20,50,100μM)of EPA or DHA alone or in combination with 10μM DEX in a dose-and time-dependent manner .Inhibition effect was significantly higher in combinative groups than in single agent groups(P<0.05).The percentage of G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis rate in MM1R treated with dif-ferent concentrations of EPA or DHA alone was increased in a dose -dependent manner ,and being significantly higher in combinative groups than in single agent groups (P<0.05).The expressive levels of cleaved caspase -3 and Bax were up-regulated ,while pro-caspase-3 and BCL-2 were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion ω-3PUFA can inhibit DEX resistant MM cell proliferation ,arrest cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis ,and has a synergistic anti -resistant effect in combination with DEX ,may serve as a new ,effective MM drugs.
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Objective The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes is grim.The study was designed to explore the effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods 50 patients admitted to Dingli Medical College of Wenzhou Medical Univer-sity from March 2014 to October 2014 were divided into group A and Group B by random number table .Cross-design of two stages ( I, II) was applied in the investigation .At stage I(3 months ahead of the experiment ), Group A took oral ω-3 PUFA while Group B took placebo .At stage II ( 3 months after the experiment ) , Group B was given oral ω-3 PUFA, while Group A was given placebo .T1 and T3 time was the beginning of the stage I and stage II experiment , while T2 and T4 time was the end of stage I and stage II experiment .At the beginning and end of each stage , detection was made on LDL-C, TG, IL-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Results After the intervention on Group A at stage I , FDM at T2 time was significantly increased compared with that at T 1 time([7.23 ±3.28]% vs [3.62 ±2.13]%, P<0.05), while all the other indexes at T2 time decreased significantly in comparison with T1 time: LDL-C ([2.85 ±0.47]mmol/L vs [3.36 ±0.57] mmol/L), TG([2.41 ±1.06]mmol/L vs [2.96 ±1.12] mmol/L), IL-6([2.83 ± 0.30]ng/L vs [3.42 ±0.32]ng/L), PAI-1 ([7.23 ±3.28]ng/L vs [3.62 ±2.13]ng/L) (P<0.05).After receiving ω-3 PUFA intervention on Group B at stage II , FDM at T4 time was significantly increased compared with that at T 3 time([6.88 ±2.06]% vs [3.60 ±2.18]%, P<0.05), while all the other indexes at T4 time decreased significantly in comparison with T3 time: LDL-C ([3.26 ±0.77]mmol/L vs [3.63 ±0.73] mmol/L), TG([2.28 ±0.94]mmol/L vs [2.77 ±1.25] mmol/L), IL-6([2.91 ± 0.48]ng/L vs [3.30 ±0.52]ng/L), PAI-1 ([45.7 ±24.4]ng/L vs [56.3 ±24.4]ng/L) (P<0.05).Two-period crossover design analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference effect on LDL -C(F=2.754, P=0.019), TG(F=3.115, P=0.011), IL-6(F=1.825, P=0.032), PAI-1(F=2.324, P=0.023) and FMD(F=3.784, P=0.006)between ω-3 PUFA and placebo . Conclusion ω-3 PUFA can improve endothelial function in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes , which is of great significance for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease .
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ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line AGS and the possible mechanisms.Methods Human gastric cancer line AGS and human microvascular epithelial cell HMEC-1 were treated with different concentrations of docosdhexaenoic acid (DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).The inhibition of cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and cell morphology.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle change.The expressions of mitochondrial respiratory membrane protein complex Ⅰ,Ⅱ and V were analyzed with Western blot.Results DHA and EPA could markedly inhibit the proliferation of AGS in significant time-dependent and concentration-dependent manners (P 0.05).Conclusion ω-3 PUFAs can selectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line AGS.These effects may be as-sociated with arresting cell cycle in G0/G1 phase and inhibiting the energy metabolism of AGS cells.
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Objective To determine whether the supplementation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in parenteral nutrition (PN) confers treatment benefits to outcomes of septic patients.Methods The databases of MEDLINE,EMBASE,Cochrane central register of controlled trials,the CNKI and the Wanfang biomedicine were searched to identify prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplemented with the standard PN on outcomes of adult patients with sepsis from January 1996 to June 2013.The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated,and the Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.0 was used for data analysis.Results A total of 12 studies enrolling 721 patients were included.Significant reduction in 28-day mortality [relative risk (RR) 0.77,95％ confidence interval (95％CI) 0.59 to 0.99,P=0.04],short intensive care unit [ICU,weighted mean difference (WMD)=-3.10,95％CI-5.98 to-0.21,P=0.04] and hospital length of stay (WMD =-3.12,95％CI-4.65 to-1.60,P＜0.000 1) were observed in patients receiving ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplemented PN.There was no differences in days of mechanical ventilation between patients with or without adding ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in PN (WMD =1.33,95％ CI-5.09 to 7.75,P=0.69).Conclusions Meta-analysis results demonstrated that PN supplemented with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was beneficial in improving the outcomes of patients with sepsis.However,this conclusion must be interpreted with caution due to the low quality of the enrolled trials.
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Objective To observe ghrelin expression in gastric tissue and serum leptin level of the early over-fed rats given ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) diets after weaning,and explore the effects of early over-feeding and diets intervention on the metabolic syndrome in adult rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal feeding group (NF group,10 per litter) or over-feeding group (OF group,3 per litter) in postnatal day 3,and then different diets were given after weaning (postnatal day 21).The OF group was separately given conventional diet (OF + Con group),high-fat diet (OF + HF group),or ω-3 PUFAs (OF + ω-3 group) ; while the NF group was separated into NF + Con group and NF + HF group.Body weight and food intake were recorded every week.In week 6 and week 16,glucose tolerance test was perforfmed.Serum leptin,ghrelin,and triglyceride were assayed by enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay.Ghrelin mRNA and protein levels in gastric tissue were quantified by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.Results At week 16,energy intake,body weight and glucose intolerance in OF + HF group were significantly higher than in NF + HF group (t =-3.453,P =0.014 ; t =-6.406,P =0.000 ; F =16.249,P =0.000),and serum triglycerides,ghrelin mRNA of gastric tissue were significantly higher than those of OF + Con group (t =4.72,P =0.005 ; t =8.486,P =0.000).At week 16,the serum leptin level in OF + Con group was higher than that in NF + Con group (t =-3.274,P =0.031),also higher in OF + HF group than that in OF + Con group (t =3.028,P =0.014).There were no significant differences in serum ghrelin and the area of ghrelin immuno-positive cells in the gastric tissue among groups.The above indicators in OF + ω-3 group were not different from those of NF + Con group.Conclusions Over-feeding during the lactation period may lead to high susceptibility to obesity and disordered glucose and lipid metabolism.It can also increase serum leptin and ghrelin mRNA expression in gastric tissue,aggravate leptin resistance and feeding control disorders.Dietary ω-3 PUFAs offered protection against excessive accumulation of adipose tissue,glucose intolerance,leptin resistance,and maintained normal levels of leptin and ghrelin.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression on distant tissue during the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) intervention in rats.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats,weighing (281.50 ± 22.68) g,were randomly divided into three groups (n =16) after gastrostomy:normal diet (N) group,enteral nutrition (EN) group and EN plus ω-3 PUFAs (PUFA) group.Each group was further divided into lymph drainage (I/R + D) and non-drainage (I/R) sub-groups (n =8 each) according to whether treated with intestinal lymph drainage.All the rats were subjected to 60 min ischemia by clamping the superior mesenteric artery,followed by 120 min reperfusion,while the rats in the I/R + D subgroups were treated with intestinal lymph drainage for 180 min at the same time.Results The interleukin-6 level in lymph in N (I/R + D) group was significantly higher than in the EN (I/R + D) and PUFA (I/R + D) groups (PUFA vs EN vs N:(154.57 ±69.30) ng/L vs (97.58 ±40.34) ng/L vs (85.35 ±23.93) ng/L,P =0.021).Besides,the serum level of HMGB1 in PUFA (I/R + D) group was significantly lower compared to the other 5 groups [PUFA (I/R) vs EN (I/R) vs N (I/R) vs PUFA (I/R + D) vs EN (I/R + D) vs N (I/R + D):(2.95 ± 1.17) μg/L vs (3.86 ±0.99) μg/L vs (4.45 ± 1.73) μg/L vs (1.71 ±1.41) μg/Lvs (2.11±0.56) μg/Lvs (3.13 ±0.79) μg/L,P=0.000],and it also decreased in the PUFA (I/R) and EN (I/R) groups than the N (I/R) group (respectively,P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the serum endotoxin level in PUFA (I/R) group was significantly lower compared to the N (I/R) and EN (I/ R) groups[PUFA(I/R) vsPUFA (I/R+D) vsEN (I/R) vs N (I/R):(0.020±0.004) EU/mlvs (0.028 ±0.006) EU/ml vs (0.028 ±0.005) EU/ml vs (0.018 ±0.006) EU/ml,P=0.014].Together the serum tumor necrosis factor-α level in both PUFA (I/R) and PUFA (I/R + D) groups were significantly lower than theEN (I/R),N (I/R) and N (I/R+D) groups [PUFA (I/R+D) vs PUFA (I/R) vs EN (I/R) vsN (I/R) vs N (I/R+D):(12.03 ±6.57) ng/L vs (14.32 ±6.11) ng/Lvs (23.27 ±15.60)ng/L vs (27.42 ± 10.37) ng/L vs (26.87 ± 5.30) ng/L,P =0.013].The jejunum and ileum mucosa in all the I/R groups showed swelling and atrophy and appeared fragile,while the PUFA groups showed less yellow staining and injury than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).In addition,the expressions of TLR4 mRNA in jejunum,ileum,and liver in all the drainage groups were respectively lower than the corresponding non-drainage groups [jejunum:PUFA (I/R) vs EN (I/R) vs N (I/R) vs PUFA (I/R+D) vs EN (I/R+D) vsN (I/R+D):2.32±0.62vs3.08±1.29vs3.50±2.44vs 1.62±0.79vs 1.67±1.11 vs 1.94±0.81,P=0.025; ileum:PUFA (1/R) vsEN (1/R) vsN (1/R) vs PUFA (1/R+D) vsEN (1/R+D) vs N (1/R+D):2.67±1.08 vs 5.22 ± 3.96 vs 6.95 ±4.92 vs 1.70±0.68 vs 1.80±0.29 vs3.68±1.47,P=0.012; liver:PUFA (1/R)vsEN (1/R)vsN (1/R)vs PUFA (1/R+D)vsEN (1/R+D)vsN (1/R+D):5.67 ±1.94 vs 7.50 ±3.89 vs 7.18 ±4.55 vs 1.70 ±0.86 vs 3.90 ± 1.95 vs 4.12 ±2.11,P =0.001],which was consistent with the reduction of HMGB1 and the decrease of nuclear factor-κB activity in intestine,liver,and lung (P =0.000).Conclusions Lymph drainage and ω-3 PUFAs intervention can reduce the production of HMGB1 and inflammation factors,inhibit the expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 mRNA,and thus alleviate distant tissue injury caused by intestinal L/R.
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The roles of fish oil and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in preventing coronary heart disease have been extensively explored in laboratory studies,clinical epidemiologic studies,cohort studies,and clinical multicenter randomized controlled trials.However,some recent large-scale double-blinded multicenter randomized controlled trials have yielded more controversial results.Further high-quality studies are required to confirm the clinical values of fish oil and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) on postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with obstructive jaundice. MethodsTotally 40 patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent hepatobiliary surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from June 2008 to October 2009 were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into the conventional PN group and PUFAs group with 20 cases in each group. The conventional PN group was provided with medium-chain/long-chain triglycerides lipid emulsion, while the PUFAs group was provided with medium-chain/long-chain triglycerides lipid emulsion supplemented with ω-3PUFAs. The two groups received PN support with equal nitrogen content and calories for 9 days. The non-protein caloric value given was 117.15 kJ/(kg · d) with 0.2 g/(kg · d) of nitrogen. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-c) in serum were measured on the day before operation and on the postoperative day 1,3, 5, 7, and 9. Meanwhile, the incidences of SIRS and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were analyzed. ResultsThe levels of IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α on the postoperative day 3, 5, 7, and 9 were significantly lower in the PUFAs group than those in the conventional PN group ( all P ＜ 0.05). The duration of SIRS in the PUFAs group [(3.85 ±2.36) days] was significantly shorter than that in the conventional PN group [(5.31 ±1.47 ) days, P =0.0230]. The incidence of MODS was significantly lower in the PUFAs group ( 10％ ) than that in the conventional PN group (25％, P =0.0076). Conclusionsω-3PUFAs-supplemented PN improves the functions of liver and pancreas and alleviates acute inflammatory response in patients with obstructive jaundice.
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As the largest protective barrier of the body,gastrointestinal tract helps the organism resist the invasion and attacks of harmful substances from the outside world.There are three kinds of protective barriers:mechanical barrier,biotical barrier,and immune barrier.In recent years,increasing researches indicate the importance of gastrointestinal immune barrier and the important immunologic mechanism of enteral nutrition in improving the clinical outcome.This article reviews the effect of gut immunity in the improvement of clinical outcome by enteral nutrition.
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Sepsis may result in a high mortality.Fish oil,which riches in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory functions.ω-3 fatty acids,which are special immune nutrient substrates,participate in the energy provision as well as improve organ function and regulate proinnammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines.The ideal function of fish oil is associated with dosage,time of initiation and duration of application.
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Toll-like receptors is a super-family of pathogen recognition-receptors discovered in recent years.During the process of ischemia-reperfusion, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) combines with lipopolysaccharide and many endogenous ligands such as high mobility group protein B1, heparan sulfate, and fibrinogen. Through the myeloid differentiation protein 88 -dependent and -independent signaling pathways, the products induce the release of inflammatory cytokine-mediated inflammatory response, leading to injuries. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, by inhibiting the signal pathway activation and target gene expression of TLR4, can influence the function of many immune cells and regulate the body's inflammatory response and immune function. This article reviews the function of TLR4 during ischemia-reperfusion injury and the possible interventional role of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) on elder patients after gastric cancer radical operation. Methods: Forty patients were randomly divided into experimental group (EG) and control group(CG). The patients of CG were treated with hypocaloric and lower nitrogen parenteral nutrition, and those in EG received ω-3 PUFA additionally. The nutrition index, immune function, liver function, inflammatory reaction and complications were compared. Results: The rate of complications significantly decreased in the EG (20% vs 5% , χ~2 = 3. 958, P 0. 05). The level of prealbumin was significantly increased in the EG. The humoral immunity and cellular immunity were higher in the EG than those in the CG. IL-6, TNF-α and CRP levels on postoperative d5 were significantly depressed in the EG. Conclusion: Postoperative supplementation of ω-3 PUFA may have a favorable effect on the outcomes in elder gastric cancer patients.